Bottle-washing machine.



G. W. KOCH.

BOTTLE WASHING MACHINE. APPLICATION IILBD 123.2, 1908.

Patented Sept.28,1909.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

l/vihwooeo G. W, KDGH.

BOTTLE WASHING MACHINE APPLICATION FILED Amm, 1908.

935,261; I Patented; Sept. 28, 1909.

wit" eon:

G. W. KOCH.

BOTTLE WASHING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED APE.2, 190s.

Patented Sept. 28, 1909.

6 SHEETS-*SHBET 3.

latenteqi fiept, 28, 196 9.

attozneqo G. W. KOCH,

BOTTLE WASHING momma 4 APPLICATION FILED APR.2, 1908. 935 ,26}; PatentedSept. 28, 1909.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

avweni oz Witnesses G. W. KOCH. BOTTLE WASHING MACHINE.

' 'APPLIGATION FILED APR.2, 1908.

Patented Sept. 28, 1909.

' SHEETS-SHEET 6.

avweutoz HEW UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICF.

GEORGE V]. KOCH, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

BOTTLE-WASHING MACHINE.

Application filed April 2, 1908.

To all 1127mm it may concern:

lie itknown that l, (tnonon W. Keen. a citizen of the United States,residing at lhihutelphia in the county of Philadelphia and State otPemisylvania, have invented a new and usel'ul Bottle-fishing .\lachine,ol which the tollowing is a specification.

This invention relates to llliltllllltS tor washinggj bottles and moreparticularly to machines \x'herelry the bottles al'ter being:

conveyed from a solution tanlc can be thori;-' conveyed above a draintank to the point ot use. all of said mechanisms being operatedintermittently front a common source of power,

With these and other objects in View the invention consists of certainnovel features ot c:.n1struction and combinations of parts which will behereinafter more fully described and pointed on in the claims.

in the aecompanrin drawings is shown the prcterred torn] ot theinvention.

In said drawings: Figure 1 is a side etc ation of the bottle washing.niechanisnf therinsing-f and draining apparatus being disclosed as anattachment"for a bottle soaher ot ordinary constriwtion. Fig. 2 is anenlarged section on line .-l Fig. 1. Fig. i is an enlarged sideelerationof the rinsing mechanism. Fig. 4 'is a horir-ioiltal section through themotor of the rinsing; mechanism, the hub being shown partlj in plan. I

through. Fig. (3 is a side elevation showing the rinsing mechanisnras apart of a HOttlitl' of special construction. Fig. 7 is a section throughone of the racks of the soaker and showing the positions of the partswhen a bottle is first placed within the rack. Fig. 8 is a sideelevation of a rack and showing the .manner of locking a bottle thereinas it passes into a solution ta .k. view of a portion of the Fig. 9 isan end rack and showing Fig. 5 is a central vertical section thereSpecification of Letters Patent.

Patented Sept. 28,1909.

Serial No. 424,828.

the lock in closed position. Fig. 10 is a lace view of a portion of therack. Fig. 11 is an elevation of a rack and the means emj ployed forunlocking the same to release the bottle or bottles therein. Fig. 1:? isan eleration of the parts shown in Fig. ll. Fig. 13 is a perspectiw riewot a portion oi the head and the parts connected thereto.

As heretofore stated, the present invention is designed for use eitheras an attachment for bottle soakers already on the market or can beembodied in a bottle soaker of special form. i i

in Fig. 1' A designates a bottle soaker of a well known type. having asolution tank 1 above which are arranged standards 2 carrying the shafts3 on which are mounted sprockets t carrying endless chains 5, whichchains extend downward into the tank and under idler sprockets (i...That portion of the chain within the tank is paralleled by rails T forthe purpose hereinafter set forth.

ltigidly secured to the chains at regular intervals are 'aeks 8 each ofwhich is designed to hold a desired number of bottles, the necks ofwhich project beyond the outer ends of the racks, there being ningedlymounted retaining strips 9 upon the racks for holding the bottles inplace therein. These strips are so located that when the racks are drawndownward into the tank the strips will bear upon the 'ails T and be heldin closed positions thereby. As shown in Fig. l the rails 7 extendupwardly above the tank adjacent one end and to an inclined board orchute 10 so that the closures or retaining strips 9 will be held shutuntil the racks are brought into position above the upper end of board10, whereupon the bottle: will, by their own weight, swing the re--taining strips open so that the bottles will be tree to slide downwardupon tin. board 10.

The mechanism above described does not constitute any part of thepresent invention but merely forms part of one form of bottle soaker nowin use. The attachment constituting the present invention consists of amounted therein and. supporting" a shaft 1% On this sha ftjare securedsprockets 20 and a gear 21. This gear meshes with another gear 22secured to a stud shaft 23 on which .less chains constituting a conveyerand connected at regular intervals by cross bars 31 each carrying aseries of inverted substantially frusto-conical receiving sleeves 32.open at their upper and lower ends and spaced apart laterally distancesequal to the distances between the bottles within the racks 8. Theserows or series of sleeves are designed to assume positions at the lowerend of board 10 so that the bottles when re-' leased from the racks willslide down upon the board 10 with their necks lowermost and will enterthe sleeves 32 in the paths thereof.

Secured to shaft 28 is a ratchet wheel 33 designed to be actuated by apawl 34 adjustably connected ip any suitable manner to an arm 35 whichmay be slidably mounted on a suitable supporting block 36 or otherstructure'.

This arm 35 is pivotally connected to ,one end of a lever 37 fulcrumedat an inter ably by means of a worm 44 upon a shaft having pulleys 46 orother suitable means 'pawl 34 relative to the arm 35.

mediate point upon the frame 12 and having a wrist pin 38 at its otherend movably mounted within a slot 39 formed longitudinally within pitman40. This pitman is connected to a wrist pin 41 extending from one faceof a worm wheel 42 which is journaled upon a'stud shaft 43 extendingfrom.

the frame 12. \Vheel 42 is driven preferwhereby motion may be receivedfrom a belt driven by a suitable motor, not shown.

With the mechanism herein described it will be seen that durin eachcomplete rota- .tion of the worm whee 42 the pawl 34 will operate toturn ratchet wheel 33 one or more teeth, according to the adjustment ofthe Obviously the farther the pawl 34 is from the pivot of arm 37 thesooner it will engage a tooth on the ratchet wheel and the greater willbe the movement of said ratchet wheel when the pawlis recip'rocated.This intermittent motion of the ratchet wheel Will result in acorresponding movement of the chains 30 and sleeves 32 and also of thechains 25 and 5 and of the racks 8.- The parts are so spaced and timedthat one set of sleeves 32 will assume a position at the lower end ofthe board 10 upon the completion of each movement of chains 30 and atthe same time one rack 8 will assume a position at the upper end ofboard 10 so that the bottles con tained therein will be free to movedownthe board and thence into the sleeves the paths thereof.

Extending upward from the frame 12 at opposite sides of the conveyerformed by chains 30 and bars 31 are standards 47 on which is journaled ashaft 48 having cords or light chains 49 secured thereto and designed tobe wound thereon and each of which has a weight 50 fastened to it andmounted between ide plates 51. These wei hts are disposed directly abovethe path of the sleeves 32 and one set of sleeves is designed to assumea position below the weights upon the completion of each movement of themechanism.

A cross bar or head 52 is arranged below the upper ply of conveyer 30and in vertical alinement with the weights 50 and this bar 'is supportedat its ends by side bars 53 lower ends to links 55 which are in turn attached to hell crank levers 56. Both of these bell crank levers aresecured to a transverse shaft 57 and one of the levers is connected 41hereinbefore referred to. A pulley 59 is secured to one end of shaft 48and secured thereto and designed to be wound thereon is a cord" 60extending downward and secured to one of the bell crank levers 56. Asupply pipe 61 extends upwardly adjacent one of the standards 47 andopens into a distributing pipe 62 which connects the standards 47 andextends transversely above conveyer 30. This distributing pipe has aseries of downwardly extending spraying devices 63 one of which islocated directly in front of each weight 50 and at a distance therefromequal to the distance between any two adjoining series of sleeves 32. Avalve 64 is located within pipe 61 and the stem 65 thereof engages ancar 66 extending from one'of the slides 53 and. the parts are so relatedthat during the completion of the upstroke of the slide 53 the valveisopened, while after the first portion of thedownstroke of said slidethe valve is closed. In Fig. 3the position of the stem when lowered hasbeen indicated by dotted lines.

Extending horizontally from pipe'61 at a point above valve 64 is adistributing pipe 67 from which extends a series of flexible tubes 68.Each tube opens into one of a series of casings 69 secured upon the bar52 and these casings are equal in number to the number of sleeves 32 ineach series. Each casing 69 has a hollow hub 70 journalcd therein andn'ovided with radial blades or wings 71 againstwhich is directed thewater which'cnters the casing throughtube 68. Ilub 70 has an upstandingpipe which rotates therewith and openings 73 are formed mounted inguides 54 and connected at their ward by gravity from the rack and alongby means of a pitma'n 58 with the wrist pin bristles of the brush.

in the hub and between blades Tl so that a portion of the waterdischarged into the casing 69 will pass into the hub 70 and thenceupwardly into pipe 72. An elongated cylin drical brush 74 is arranged atthe upper end of the pipe 72 and has a tubular core 75 provided withguide openings 76 through which a portion of the water which is discharged into pipe '72; is expelled among the .An opening 77 is formed atthe end of the tube 75 so that a jet of water can be directedlongitiulinally from said end. An outlet opening TS is formed in casingtifland a pipe 75) extends from this opening and forwardly of themachine, said pipe terminating in. an upstanding nozzleSO arranged belowand in vertical alineinent with one of the spraying devices 63. One ofthese casings 9 and the mechanism herein described in relation theretois located below each weight 50.

1 in minute -through the openings 73 V will be directed upwardly wounduponthe shaft 48.. The

From the foregoing description it will be seen that during the upstrokeof/the slides 53 the brush 74 will be brought into position within theseries of sleeves 32 thereabove and immediately subsequent to thispositioning of the parts and just prior to the completion of the upwardmovement of the brushes, the valve 64 will be opened and water will rushfrointhe supply pipe 61 through the tubes (38 to the casing (39. Theforce of the water will be sutlicient to rotate the blades 71 and thehubs so that the pipes 72 will'b'e caused to rapidly revolve. Thebrushes will of course turn with the pipes. At the same time a portionof the water will escape and into pipe 72 discharged outwardly jetsthrough the openings 76 and 77. That portion of the water which isutilized for propelling the blades 71 will escape through pipes 79 tonozzles 80 by which it into the nextadoining series of sleeves 32 aswill beclearly apparent by referring to Figs. '1 and 3 of .the drawings.While this operation of the parts is taking place some or the water willpass upwardly and be distributed to the various spraying devices 63which will operate to directthe water downwardly onto the invertedbottles contained within the series of sleeves 82 adjoining thosebeneath the .-weig'hts' 50.

It is'to'be understood that'when the cross bar or head 51 is in loweredposition the cord (yr-chain 60 is held taut by the lever to which it isattached and when it is in this positiorr it is unwound from the pulleyor spool 59 vv hilmthe cords or chains 49 are weights 5O aretherefore-held raised out of the paths of the bottles contained insleeves wheel 42 is rotated by means of worm 4A the pitmen 40 and 58 areslowly operated. the parts are in positions shown in from which it willbe hen ' into the bottle.

32. When' Fig. l the rotation of wheel 2L2 will cause pitman 40 to moveto the left withdrawing the pawl 34 from the ratchet wheel and thusleaving the chains 30 at rest. During this withdrawal of the pawl thepitman 58 is actuating bell crank levers 56 so as to push upwardl y uponthe slides and raise the cross bar or head 52. This will result in thebrushes H and the nozzles 80 being in- Soltth into the bottles containedin two adjoining series of sleeves 32 and just prior to the upwardmovement of the brushes and nozzles, and valve (34: will be opened ashereinbet'ore described and the water will rush to the various outletsand rinse the bottles both inside and outside as will be apparent.Importance is attached to the fact that the same current of wateroperates to rotate the brushes and to spray through the brush and Assoon as the bell crank levers 5t; begin their upward movement forraising the cross bar or head 52 the cord (30 becomes slack and theweights 50 pull downward on the cords 4!) which thus unwind from theshaft 48 and assume positions upon the bottoms of the inverted bottlesthereunder. Displacement of the bottles during the insertion of thebrushes thereinto is thus prevented.

When wheel 42 begins the second half of its rotation the pitmen 40 and58 operate to reverse the movements of levers 37 and 56 and the slot 39is of such length that the brushes 74 and nozzles 80 will have beenwithdrawn from the bottles and the weights 50 raised therefrom, beforethe end wall of the slot strikes the wrist pin 38 so as to act-uatelever 37 and cause pawl 84: to partly rotate the ratchet wheel Thispartial rotation will be suflicient to move one set of hottles fromunder the weights 50 and into position under the spraying devices 63while another sct of bottles is brought into position under the weights.This intermittent motion will be transmitted through chain 25 to therack carrying chains 5 and another rack will be brought into positionabove board 10 soon as a new set of sleeves 32 assumes a position at thelowerend of the board. It will thus be seen that bottles will beautomatically carried through the tank 1 and discharged into the sleeves32 and then conveyed through the rinsing apparatus and above the draintank into which the water will be free to drop as the bottles pass tothe end of the machine where they can be removed by the operator. v k

In Fig. 1 only a fewsets of sleeves 32 have. been shown but it is to beunderstood of course that these sets are to extend at regular intervalsthroughout the lengths of the chains 30.

Instead of constructing the rinsing mechanism as an attachment for abottle soaker the same can be incorporated in a single niachine withsoaking mechanism, as illustrated in Figs. 6 to 12 inclusive. In thecomplete machine shown in these figures it is designedto rinse theinsides of the bottles while they are in the racks which convey themthrough the .solution tank. The intermediate operation of sliding thebottles from the racks to the holding sleeves before the rinsingoperation is thus dispensed with.

By referring to the drawings in Fig. 6 it will be noted that the tank 81isdivided by a vertical partition 82 into two compart ments 83 and 84respectively, the first mentioned compartment being designed to hold adisinfecting and cleansing solution while the compartment 84 is designedto hold clear water. Standards 85 are arranged above the feed end of thetank and a shaft 86 is journaled upon them preferably in adjustableboxes 87. This shaft has sprockets 88 secured to it. Standards 89 extendupward from the middle portion of the tank and above the partition 82and have a shaft 90 journaled preferably in boxes 91 adj ustably'mounted upon the standards. Sprockets 92 are secured to this shaft. Aframe 93 extends from one end of the tank 81 and arranged thereon areuprights 94 suitably connected and supporting standards 95 in which aremounted adjustable boxes 96 constituting bearings for a shaft 97. Thisshaft has sprockets 98 secured to it. Idler sprockets 99 and 100 aredisposed within the'upper and lower portions of the compartment 84 andsprockets 101 and 102 are located in the lower portion of thecompartment 83. Endless chains 103 are mounted on sprockets 88 and 98and extend downward under the sprockets 101 and 102 and thence upwardlyand over sprockets 92 from which they extend downward under thesprockets 100 and over the sprockets 99. It will thus be seen thatduring the movement of the chains in the direction' of their lengths all)ortions thereof will be conveyed downward into the compartment 83 andthence over partition 82 and downwardly into the compartment 84 fromwhich said chains will extend in an inclined plane upwardly to thesprockets 98.

Sprockets 101 are secured to a shaft 104 to which is attached a ratchetwheel 105 designed to be engaged by a pawl 100 adjustably connected toan arm 107 which is in turn mounted upon a wrist pin 108 extending froma worm wheel 109. This w orm wheel receives its motion from a worm 110on ashaft- 111 having pulleys 1-12 for receiving motion from a suitablemotor through a belt not shown. This mechanism produces an intermittentmovement of the chains 103.

Mounted in frame 93 are slides 113 only one of which has been shown butboth are similar in construction to the slides 53 and are connected by across head 114 on which flexible tube 118 extends from each of thedevices to a supply pipe 119, the valve 120 of which has a stem 121designed to be actuated by the slide 113 in the same manner as is thevalve stem 65 hereinbefore referred to. The slides 113 are connected bylinks 122 to levers 123 and one of these .levers is connected by apitman 124 with the wrist pin 108. The cross head 114 is mounted toreciprocate below those portions of the inclined chains 103 arrangedbetween tank 81 and the uprights 94. In order that the lost motionproduced by slotting the pitman 40 may be duplicated in this modifiedconstruction pitman 107 is preferabl provided with a slot 125 in whichthe wrist pin 108 works.

In order that bottles may be supported in inverted positions while beingoperated upon by the rinsing mechanism it is necessary to providemeanswhereby these bottles can be locked within the racks containingthem and automatically unlocked after the rinsing operation so that thebottles can be discharged either into a tank or onto a suitableconveyer. In Fig. Gonly a few racks 126 have been shownconnected to thechains 103 but it is of course to be understood that these racks are toextend the full lengths of the chains and at regular intervals apart.The construction of each rack has been shown particularly in Figs. 7 to10 inclusive. Each rack consists of an elongated rectangular frame 127having a series of frusto-conical cups 128 secured therein upon thebottom thereof, the open end of each cup being provided with an inturncdbead 129'desi 'ned to space an inserted bottle from the walIof the cup.Openings 130 are formed in the bottom of cachcup and also in the bottomof the frame 127 so that any water accumulating within the cup can draintherefrom. The top 131 of the frame does not extendentn'clythereacrossbut terminates adjacent the longitudinal centerthereof and has a series of notches or recesses 132 each of whichconstitutes a seat for the neck of a bottle located in' one of the cups128. In order that the bottles maybe securely fastened within these cupseach frame has an elongated yoke 133 pivotally connected to the sidesthereof so constructed asto swing either into position upon the upperend of the frame or into a position removed from. said end. The inter-136 having a crank arm 137 secured thereto and extending outwardlytherefrom, and this arm when pushed in one direction is designed toforce the cam against the yoke 133 so as to direct it into engagingposition. The

cam when thus shifted will swing against one of the links of chain 103as shown in Fig. 8 and thus be held against accidental displacement.Extending inwardly from one 'all of tank 81 is a tripping arm or bracket138 which extends into the path of arm 137 and is designed to shift itwhile moving into the tank so as to swing the cam and close the yoke 133uponthe bottles. The yoke will thus be held by the cam while the rackbeing conveyed through the two cmpartments of tank 81. and while thebottles are held inverted above, and are being operated upon by. therinsing mechanismf A tter the bottles have been moved away from therinsing mechanism they are conve ved upwardly toward the sprockets 9Sand to the upper end of an inclined board 139 designed to direct bottleseither into a suitable rinsing tank. not shown, or into a series ofbottle receiving sleeves 140 similar to the sleeves and carried byendless chains 141, there being spraying devices 142 for washing thoutside of each bottle as it passes tlu-reumler. The means en'iployedfor re Imoing the bottles from the racks upon reaching the upper end ofboard 130 can be of any desired term. In Figs 11 and12,however, thepreferred means has been shown. This consists of a curved tripping arm143 supported by a bracket 144 close to chain 103 and the other end ofboard 130. \Vhe'n each rack approaches this arm 143, said arm wedgesback of the crank arm 137. This crank arm will therefore travel alongand under the curved Face of the arm H3, and will be actuated thereby soas to swing the cam out of locking posit ion. The locking yoke 13-33will therefore be t'ree'to swing out of engagement with the bottleswhich can, in turn, slide downwardly from the rack and onto the board131. In order that the yoke 133 may b ositively swung out of engagingposition as soon as released a spring 145 is fastened to the yoke 133and also to the chain 103, this spring operating to hold the yokenormally removed from the top of the rack. As soon as the cam isinitially shitted by arm 143 he spring presses the yoke against the camand turther shifts it and this crank arm as shown in Fig. 11.

The springshold the yokes of the. racks open a t'ter they pass the arm14-3 and they remain open until the racks reassume positions adjacentthe sprockets 88 at which point. the operator retills the racks andmoves the yokes into locking position.

With this construction it will be seen that the bottles, alter beingplaced in the. racks by the operator who stands adjacent the Z sprockets88, will be carried downward until the lockingcanis are automaticallyshifted by the bracket 138 so as to secure the bottles in place. Theracks are then carried iinder the sprockets 102 and 101 within thesolution tank and then upwardly over the sprockets 92 after which theyare carried downward into the fresh water compartment of the tank andunder sprockets 100 and over sprockets 99. It is of course to beunderstood that all of this movement is intermittent inasmuch as thechain receives its motion from the reciprocating pawl which engages theratchet wheel 5. The inverted racks are carried above the sprayingdevices 115 which, when they move upwardly, as described in connectionwith the other construction, cause the brushes to whirl within thebottles while jets of water are discharged outwardly. The nozzles 117also act to rinse the interiors of the bottles. This spraying andrinsing operation of course occurs between the movements of the chains103. The racks are then conveyed upwardly to the releasing mechanism,after which the bottles are discharged in the manner hereinbefore setforth.

Vhat is claimed is:

1. The combination with bottle holding means and mechanism for impartinga step by step movement to said means; 01 a easing, a water wheeltherein, a tubular brush 'revoluble with the wheel and having outletopenings, means for shifting the brush into the bottle successivelybetween the movements thereof, and means for directing liquid underpressure against the water wheel and into the brush. I

L The combination withbottle holding means, and mechanism for impartinga step 'by step movement thereto: ot a casing, a

water wheel therein and having a hollow hub portion provided with inletopenings, a. tubular brush revolublc with and opening into said hubportion, said brush having outlet openings, means tor shitt ing thebrushinto the bottles successively between the movements thereof, and meansfor directing fluid under pressure against the water wheel atpredetermined periods.

3. The combination with bottle holding means and mechanism for impartinga step by step movement thereto; of a rinsing device comprising avertically movable easing,

moans for actuating said casing between the movements of the bottles, awater wheel rev oluble within the casing and having a hollow aperturedhub, a tubular "brush extending upward from and communicating with thehub, said brush having outletapertures, a nozzle. connected to thecasing and consti tuting an outlet therefor, and means fendireetingtluid under pressure into the casing at pretletermiued intervals.

1. The combination \vitlrbottle. holding lJU a vertically movablecasing, a hollow hub mounted to rotate therein, blades radiating fromthe hub, said hub having openings therein, a tubular brush extendingfrom and opening into the hub, said brush having out let apertures, a.discharge nozzle constituting an outlet for the casing, a supply pipe,at

flexible tubular connection between said pipe and easing, a valve in thesupply pipe, and means operated by the movement of the rinsing mechanismfor opening and closing the valve at predetermined intervals.

(i. The combination with a plurality of bottle holders, and means forimparting a step by step movement thereto; of bottle rinsing mechanism,means for projecting said mechanism into the'bottles successivelybet-ween movements thereof, and flexibly supported weights cooperatingwith the rinsing-mechanism for bearing upon and holding the bottlesduring the rinsing opera tion.

7. The combination with a plurality of bottle holders and means forimparting a step by step movement thereto; of flexibly supported weightssuspended above the paths of the holders, rinsing mechanism, means forprojecting said mechanism into the bottles successively between themove- 'ments thereof, means for rotating that portion of the mechanismwithin a bottle, winding means for controlling the weights, and meansoperated by the'movement of the rinsing mechanism for actuating theWinding means to raise or lower the wei hts uponbott-les. 4

8.- The combination with bottle holding means and mechanism forimparting a step by step movement thereto; of a spraymg brush, means forshiftingthe brush into bottles successively between the movementsthereof, a water motor for rotating the brush, and means for directingfiuid under pressure into the motor to rotate the same, there beingapertures within the motor for directing a portion of the motive fluidinto the brush during the rotation thereof.

9. The combination with an endless conveyer and bottle holders carriedthereby; of a ratchet wheel movable therewith, an oscillating lever, anarm pivotally connected to the lever, a guide therefor, a pawladjustable longitudinally upon the arm and normally engaging the ratchetwheel, and means for imparting an oscillating movement to the lever toactuate the ratchet wheel and conveyer with a step by step movement.

10. The combination with a tank, a flexible endless conveyer extendingthrough the tank, and holders upon the conveyer for holding bottles; ofa-second flexible endless conveyer, a series'of bottle holders thereon,means for imparting a stepby-step move-' ment to each of the conveyers,a spraying device surrounded by one of the conveyers, and comprising acasing, a .water wheel, a brush revoluble with the wheel andconstituting a spraying device, means, for automatically directingabottle from one holder of one series to a holder of the other seriesbetween movementso said conveyers, and means for directing; a fluid intothe casing between said movements to rotate the Wheel and brush anddirect a spray from the brush.

In testimony that Igclaim the foregoing as my own, I have hereto afiixedmyzsignature in the presence of two witnesses. 7

scores w, Koon. Witnesses WM. M. STEWART, J12, B011) L. SPAHR.

